51,093 research outputs found
Three Dimensional Gauge Theory with Topological and Non-topological Mass: Hamiltonian and Lagrangian Analysis
Three dimensional (abelian) gauged massive Thirring model is bosonized in the
large fermion mass limit. A further integration of the gauge field results in a
non-local theory. A truncated version of that is the Maxwell Chern Simons (MCS)
theory with a conventional mass term or MCS Proca theory. This gauge invariant
theory is completely solved in the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formalism, with
the spectra of the modes determined. Since the vector field constituting the
model is identified (via bosonization) to the fermion current, the charge
current algebra, including the Schwinger term is also computed in the MCS Proca
model.Comment: Eight pages, Latex, No figures
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Elite dominance and under-investment in mass education: Disparity in the social development of the Indian states, 1960-92
Literacy rates continue to be strikingly low among women and low caste
population compared to the general population not only in any Indian state, but more so
in the worst performing ones. The present paper offers an explanation of this disparate
development in terms of the hypothesis of elite dominance that discriminates against
women and low-caste people and systematically under-invests in mass education. We
experiment with various indirect economic and political measures of elite dominance.
Results based on the Indian state-level data for the period 1960-92 suggest that higher
share of land held by the top 5% of the population (a) lowers spending on education as
well as total developmental spending and (b) increases total non-developmental spending.
(c) Greater proportion of minority representations (female and low caste members) in the
ruling government however fails to have any perceptible impact on both development
(including education) and non-development spending in our sample. (d) While underinvestment
in education by the elite is supported by the lack of demand for education
from the poorer population (who are often the marginalised people), greater initiatives of
the state to enact land reform legislations enhance the spending on education
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Poverty, heterogeneous elite, and allocation of public spending: Panel evidence from the Indian States
In this paper, we explore how in the worldâs largest democracy, India, the presence of different elite groups â the dominant landed and capitalist elite and the minority elite (who are the elected representatives of the marginalised women and low caste population) â could affect the nature and extent of public spending on various
accounts, especially education. Our results suggest that the dominant landed elite tends to be unresponsive to the underlying poverty rate while the capitalist elite respond to the poverty rate by increasing the share of education spending. After controlling for all other factors, presence of the minority elite has a limited impact, if at all. Results are robust to alternative specifications
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Utility and productivity enhancing public capital in a growing economy
We examine the impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic performance and
welfare when public capital provides both productive and utility services to the
private sector. When these services are subject to congestion, a consumption
tax is distortionary, generating a dynamic adjustment that contrasts with that
of an income tax. In correcting for congestion, an income tax-consumption sub-sidy combination is the preferred policy when factor-substitutability in production is limited. On the other hand, an increase in the elasticity of substitution
in production raises the e¢ cacy of a consumption tax as an alternative to the income tax. Not recognizing the relative importance of public capital in utility services might lead the fiscal authority to incorrectly estimate the impact of
public policies on welfare. The design of optimal scal policy demonstrates the possibilities for using both income and consumption-based fiscal instruments as opposed to relying on only the income tax rate
Study of supersolidity in the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model
We derive an effective Hamiltonian for the two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein
model in the regimes of strong electron-electron and strong electron-phonon
interactions by using a nonperturbative approach. In the parameter region where
the system manifests the existence of a correlated singlet phase, the effective
Hamiltonian transforms to a Hamiltonian for hard-core-bosons
on a checkerboard lattice. We employ quantum Monte Carlo simulations, involving
stochastic-series-expansion technique, to obtain the ground state phase
diagram. At filling , as the strength of off-site repulsion increases, the
system undergoes a first-order transition from a superfluid to a diagonal
striped solid with ordering wavevector or
. Unlike the one-dimensional situation, our results in the
two-dimensional case reveal a supersolid phase (corresponding to the diagonal
striped solid) around filling and at large off-site repulsions.
Furthermore, for small off-site repulsions, we witness a valence bond solid at
one-fourth filling and tiny phase-separated regions at slightly higher
fillings.Comment: Accepted in EPJ
Diffusion of a passive scalar from a no-slip boundary into a two-dimensional chaotic advection field
Using a time-periodic perturbation of a two-dimensional steady separation bubble on a plane no-slip boundary to generate chaotic particle trajectories in a localized region of an unbounded boundary layer flow, we study the impact of various geometrical structures that arise naturally in chaotic advection fields on the transport of a passive scalar from a local 'hot spot' on the no-slip boundary. We consider here the full advection-diffusion problem, though attention is restricted to the case of small scalar diffusion, or large Peclet number. In this regime, a certain one-dimensional unstable manifold is shown to be the dominant organizing structure in the distribution of the passive scalar. In general, it is found that the chaotic structures in the flow strongly influence the scalar distribution while, in contrast, the flux of passive scalar from the localized active no-slip surface is, to dominant order, independent of the overlying chaotic advection. Increasing the intensity of the chaotic advection by perturbing the velocity held further away from integrability results in more non-uniform scalar distributions, unlike the case in bounded flows where the chaotic advection leads to rapid homogenization of diffusive tracer. In the region of chaotic particle motion the scalar distribution attains an asymptotic state which is time-periodic, with the period the same as that of the time-dependent advection field. Some of these results are understood by using the shadowing property from dynamical systems theory. The shadowing property allows us to relate the advection-diffusion solution at large Peclet numbers to a fictitious zero-diffusivity or frozen-field solution, corresponding to infinitely large Peclet number. The zero-diffusivity solution is an unphysical quantity, but is found to be a powerful heuristic tool in understanding the role of small scalar diffusion. A novel feature in this problem is that the chaotic advection field is adjacent to a no-slip boundary. The interaction between the necessarily non-hyperbolic particle dynamics in a thin near-wall region and the strongly hyperbolic dynamics in the overlying chaotic advection field is found to have important consequences on the scalar distribution; that this is indeed the case is shown using shadowing. Comparisons are made throughout with the flux and the distributions of the passive scalar for the advection-diffusion problem corresponding to the steady, unperturbed, integrable advection field
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